Traffic solutions
Traffic in motion solutions rank among the best achievements in the field of traffic.
- Traffic monitoring
- Traffic information processing
- Traffic control
- Traffic flow harmonization
- Optimum use of road network
Urban Agglomeration
A typical feature of urban agglomeration is its concentration of large numbers of vehicles into a limited space, while it is usually not possible to extensively increase the road capacity.
Two main categories of users exist in urban agglomerations:
- Passenger car traffic
- Urban mass transport (UMT)
Roads and Motorways
The above-mentioned solutions can also be applied to other roads and motorways. The motorway traffic is continuously increasing and, as a result of that, any limitation of traffic can cause accidents and miles long traffic jams with slowly moving vehicles. Rapid deployment of traffic measures in places of potential danger can significantly improve the traffic flow and traffic safety.
If the transport volumes exceed the capacity of the given road, measures leading towards improving the traffic situation should be taken in order to calm down the traffic.
Major potential solutions include:
- Change of traffic organization
1. Line-based control
2. Adaptable control
3. Other control systems
- Centralized and decentralized control of traffic areas
- Priority of UMT vehicles, fire brigade vehicles, ambulances and other selected vehicles
- Traffic control by means of
1. Dynamic navigation through RDS-TMC system
2. Informing drivers through information boardsFollowing devices are used for technical support of traffic control:
- Signal lights tables
- Variable traffic signs
- Information tables
- Traffic detectors
- Video detection systems
- GSM transmissions, and others
Preference of UMT
The development of individual automobile traffic (IAT) brings about a reduction of the urban mass transport (UMT) and it simultaneously increases the city environmental load. Therefore, the municipalities try to separate UMT from IAT. It is possible in particular in suburban areas, where roads capacity can be increased at the same time. It is far more difficult to implement the separation of UMT from IAT in the city centre and, as a result of that, the flow of traffic significantly slows down. A solution to the problem is preferring UMT to IAT. The preference is achieved in various ways - by placing UMT underground, placing UMT at a bridge structure above the road, using a separate UMT lane, or, alternatively, by realisation of shaped concrete blocks, or by implementing other active or passive measures.
Deployment of active and passive preferential measures is often used to be the cheapest and also the most effective solution.
Passive preference
A passive preference is mostly used in the streetcar traffic (trolley contacts) or the bus traffic (loop detectors in the road). Disadvantages of this type of preference may ensue from unsuitable placement of trolley contacts or loop detectors, which, in addition, can be damaged. Streetcar trolley contacts are being placed according to the position of the streetcar stop and the contact of the electrically controlled point operating apparatus.
Active preference
Active UMT preference measures appear to be more efficient. They mostly use wireless detection and direct check-in at the intersection controller. Picture 1 shows the general system of the active preference using radio communication through the board computer and the light signalling equipment (LSE). The board computer evaluates the infrared beacon signal indicating the vehicle position. Then, the board computer sends a radio message to the LSE controller containing information about the line, direction, distance and direction of the vehicle in front of the intersection. The controller evaluates the information and sets the sequence of phases or the phase for the UMT vehicle.
In support of active preference, board computers are installed in streetcars or buses. In addition, LSE controllers must be equipped with a radio receiver and a decoder of signals sent by the bus radio transmitter.
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